Russell Construction of External World †Free Samples to Students

Question: Talk about the Russell Construction of External World. Answer: Introductrion: Three interests, straightforward however overwhelmingly solid have administered my life: the yearning for affection, the quest for information, and insufferable pity for the enduring of humanity. The above cited lines of Bertrand Russell plainly diagram the idea of his work and the perspective which guided his major philosophical work. It is to be noticed that the class of theory is a wide one and continues changing keeping in see the changing idea of the philosophical subject itself (Rodrguez-Consuegra). Consequently, one specific part of reasoning which was satisfactory at one purpose of time probably won't be worthy at another purpose of time. In the assessment of George Bernard Shaw verbalized in his popular play Man and Superman The sensible man adjusts to the world: the absurd one continues attempting to adjust the world to himself. In this manner all advancement relies upon the preposterous man. This announcement of Shaw is an appropriate record of the sentiment which the individuals regularly hold against the thinkers. This specific paper plans to reveal insight into the persona of Bertrand Russell and his methods of reasoning. Bertrand Arthur William Russell, third Earl Russell (1892-1970) was conceived in the Monmouthshire territory of the United Kingdom (Fritz Jr). He hailed from a noble family and in this manner got the best nature of instruction which was accessible at that specific purpose of time (Fritz Jr). He is one of the significant savants of his time and a large number of the methods of reasoning propounded by him are still being used today. As he would like to think, he was a liberal, a communist and a conservative anyway in the later piece of his life he said that he had never been any of these things, in any significant sense (Russell). In any case, in the ongoing occasions he is increasingly well known as the victor of the Nobel Prize in Literature in the year 1950 (Nobelprize.org). He learned at the Trinity College, Cambridge and later instructed at a similar school. He is likewise well known as the instructor of the celebrated writer and pundit T.S. Eliot and for having an unsanctioned ro mance with the spouse of Eliot Vivienne Haigh-Wood (Fritz Jr). It is to be noticed that this specific issue made a lot of injury Eliot and was answerable for the mental meltdown which he had at that specific purpose of time. It is to ne noticed that Russell was one of the most agent figures of the twentieth century and a large number of his fills in just as methods of reasoning are still being used today. It is to be noticed that the name of Russell is renowned for his rebel against the idea of vision. Truly he was one of the pioneers of the twentieth rebel against the statutes of vision. Notwithstanding this he is well known as one of the originators of the class of diagnostic way of thinking alongside his forerunner Gottlob Frege, partner G. E. Moore and protg Ludwig Wittgenstein (Roberts). He is likewise broadly rumored as one of the spearheading philosophers of the twentieth century (Roberts). His joint community oriented work with A. N. Whitehead for the book Principia Mathematica is an impression of this viewpoint (Rodrguez-Consuegra). What's more, his commitment towards the different kinds of theory is likewise noteworthy to note. One of his most celebrated works On Denoting is frequently viewed as perhaps the best work written in the twentieth century identified with the class of reasoning (Roberts). In the assessment of numerous researchers, his work has impacted arithmetic, rationale, set hypothesis, semantics, computerized reasoning, intellectual science, software engineering (see type hypothesis and type framework) and theory, particularly the way of thinking of language, epistemology and transcendentalism (Rodrguez-Consuegra). Discussing the idea of his work and the significance of his own work he said I loathed this present reality and looked for shelter in an ageless world, without change or rot or the will-o-the-wisp of progress (Russell). Russell is likewise acclaimed for his dissent against the strategy of colonialism embraced by the United Kingdom and the different countries of the world in the early piece of the twentieth century (Roberts). He is likewise popular for his enemy of war fights which he made in a few of his scholarly fills in just as flyers. The assessment of Russell explained in his collection of memoirs The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell I discovered jail from multiple points of view very pleasing. I had no commitment, no troublesome choices to make, no dread of guests, no interferences to my work. I read immensely; I composed a book, Prologue to Mathematical Philosophy... what's more, started the work for Examination of Mind (Russell). It is intriguing to take note of that he was even sent to jail by the legislative experts for his extreme perspectives and purposeful publicity. What's more, he supported preventive atomic war, before the open door gave by the nuclear syndication had passed and inv ited with energy world government and was a functioning dissident of the oppressive rule of Hitler (Jager). In any case, it is noteworthy to take note of that despite the fact that Russell for his entire life was an enemy of war dissenter however in the later piece of his life he concurred that the war with Hitler was a vital and was done so as to secure the interests of the world. It is an impression of these changed commitments made by him that he was granted the Nobel Prize in Literature in the year 1950 in acknowledgment of his shifted and noteworthy compositions in which he champions compassionate goals and opportunity of thought (Nobelprize.org). It is noteworthy to take note of that Russell was an eminent mathematician of his time and he was even piece of a little gathering of mathematicians which involved any semblance of Karl Weierstrass, Georg Cantor, and Richard Dedekind. Russell and his companions of this specific gathering planned for giving arithmetic a lot of intelligently thorough establishments (Jager). In the assessment of numerous researchers it was the relationship with this specific gathering that finished in his most celebrated numerical work The Principles of Mathematics (1903). Russell himself proclaimed his later philosophical attempts to be a retreat from Pythagoras (Jager). It was this specific activity of Russell which offered ascend to the Catch 22 that is currently generally called by the name of Russells Paradox. Another idea propounded by Russell, which have increased a lot of prominence in the ongoing occasions is the idea of Platonic perspective on rationale (Hylton). It is huge to take note of that this idea was explained by his other contemporary Frege also, with whom he had a distinction of conclusion. The name of Russell is regularly connected with the different parts of reasoning anyway he is generally renowned as one of the establishing individuals from the philosophical kind of explanatory way of thinking (Jager). It is huge to take note of that the greater part of his works were motivated by the work just as the ways of thinking of Gottfried Leibniz (Jager). Be that as it may, in the assessment of the current researchers just as rationalists his commitment was progressively conspicuous in the field of power, the rationale and the way of thinking of arithmetic, the way of thinking of language, morals and epistemology (Rodrguez-Consuegra). The assessment of Russell himself with respect to his aesthetical and philosophical works is noteworthy to take note of my companions disclose to me it has not deflected me from composing on different subjects (Eames). In the assessment of numerous individuals, in the field of morals the perspectives on Russell had a place with the class of Ut ilitarianism (Rodrguez-Consuegra). He was likewise a functioning advocator of the privileges of the people and all the more explicitly the privilege to opportunity of articulation of the people in the general public. His philosophical work The Will To Doubt expresses that None of our convictions are very evident; all have in any event an obscuration of ambiguity and mistake. The strategies for expanding the level of truth in our beliefsin science, and have developed the assemblage of logical information (Russell). He moreover says in a similar work Every man of science whose standpoint is genuinely logical is prepared to admitmens mentality is speculative and loaded with question (Russell). It is noteworthy to take note of that this specific work of Russell is as probably the best work of the twentieth century which advocates for the different key privileges of the people. He gives an outline of his philosophical perspectives in his work The Philosophy of Logical Atomism by saying t hat My longing and wish is that the things I start with ought to be evident to such an extent that you wonder why I invest my energy expressing them. This is the thing that I focus on the grounds that the purpose of philosophy.to end with something so dumbfounding that nobody will trust it (Russell). In his strict viewpoint Russell was a freethinker and didn't have faith in the different statutes of religion. The assessment of Russell verbalized in his own personal history The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell is noteworthy to note here Along these lines, with respect to the Olympic divine beings, addressing an absolutely philosophical crowd, I would state that I am an Agnostic. In any case, talking famously, I feel that we all would state with respect to those divine beings that we were Atheists. As to the Christian God, I should, I think, take the very same line (Russell). He further proceeds to state that And if there were a God, I think it impossible that He would have such an uncomfortable vanity as to be outraged by the individuals who question His reality (Russell). In his viewpoint towards society he followed the arrangement of radicalism and proactively challenged the different types of shameful acts which he found in the general public around himself. A common case of t his is his dissent against the strategy of colonialism and war which shaped a significant piece of the general public of the twentieth century (Hylton). It is critical to note here that Russell had faith in the idea of logical society and said about the equivalent in his collection of memoirs that a logical society is where war would be annulled, populace development would be restricted, and thriving would be shared (Rodrguez-Consuegr

Modern Accounting Systems Free Essays

Present day Accounting Systems Marcello F. Pirrelli Introduction to Accounting †ACC 205 Professor: Beher Haski 01 October 2012 Part I: Introduction Over the years, through experimentation, present day bookkeeping frameworks have changed for both the better and more regrettable. Present day bookkeeping frameworks satisfy the fundamental bookkeeping needs while offering expanded precision in following patterns, empowering joint effort and giving speedy access to information. We will compose a custom exposition test on Present day Accounting Systems or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Automated arrangements offer the customary exchange preparing, characterization of information and revealing while all the while expanding the scope of contributions to give a more clear and increasingly thorough image of the monetary strength of an organization (Gambling, 1975). The point I chose for this exploration paper is the means by which current record frameworks have had any kind of effect in present day associations. Before taking this course I was uncertain of how bookkeeping was utilized in organizations or the manner in which it was arranged. I aquired huge measure of knowledging from taking this class, from dissecting exchanges to using bookkeeping groups accurately (Gordon, 1937). During my secondary school and early school years I utilized exceed expectations spreadsheets for different ventures, however never did I need to use them to the degree I did in my Accoungting class. I figured out how to effective make asset reports, salary explanations, thus significantly more. In conclusion, the cirriculum gave empowered me to effectively utilize distinctive bookkeeping records to make fruitful and reasonable business fiscal report. Current innovation and frameworks are making bookkeeping forms more cost proficient, which in this way fortifies an organizations capacity to build their benefits. Part II: Body Whether a little corner-store or enormous multimillion dollar associations, every wa made with its own advancements dependent on their accept of having the best record viewpoints. They were fruitful for a brief timeframe by applying new costs, for example, JIT frameworks, which indicated a huge improvement of their expense and planning frameworks. Their sociological viewpoint can be comprehended as a perspective that centers around people in an organization, yet all in all gathering or society (Romney, 2011). Nonetheless, sadly numerous defects and late innovation eased back their advancement down with numerous blemishes that could have been improved with their estimation of present day the board accounts frameworks. The fundamental change has been the measure of cash spent by associations. Before, organizations huge or little required twelve bookkeeping representatives so as to set up all reports physically, and obviously this was tedious which produced enormous pay payout. Today, little and enormous organizations utilize current electronic programming on PCs that can play out a progressively exact detail accommodation. This new innovation possibly requires a little gathering of individuals if not a couple of individuals playing out the bookkeeping segment, which limits the cash spent on employing faculty. What's more, another factor to consider when discussing present day account frameworks is interminable stock frameworks (PTS). This controls the stock in all stores and fundamental distribution center by single sweeps. The sweeps originate from the clerk ringing the product which is consequently added to the request sheets. Bigger organizations, for example, Wal-Mart and Target furnished the business floor representatives with handheld PCs that track in store stock just as stock controls. These moderns’ scanners control the activities of the organization, as representatives work items to deals floor every thing is checked and followed, at that point requested naturally if necessary. While working at Wal-Mart, every representative was required to convey in any event one for each division. The handheld was the stand for the whole store. Whenever gave stock controls, checking and requesting techniques. Just as records forms that would permit the representative to make worksheets to sign in numbers and just as working expense. These handhelds are expensive and very force as a work station, which makes them valuable and most improved present day accounts frameworks to date (Romney, 2011). Notwithstanding innovation refreshed to improve accounts frameworks, the assets of organizations have additionally been refreshed by the advanced changes in associations. The manner in which data is handled and how rapidly it very well may be changed or refreshed has improved business exchanges. Budgetary data is accessible to associations quicker and simpler by essentially composing the required information. The organization can comprehend they data quicker and simpler without looking through many book records and years. These advanced records frameworks and the quicker information have improved expense and finance, for example, how quick workers can be paid (Gordon, 1937). The cutting edge account frameworks likewise have numerous defects as it did before. Despite the fact that our measure of time and work spent has been diminished by utilizing gadgets doesn’t mean mistakes despite everything don't exist. Since the data is conveyed a lot quicker, the absence of seeing how to utilize the data has been disregarded (Gambling, 1975). The quickly developing innovation has not been shown property by huge associations since it is becoming unreasonably quick for workers and managers to stay aware of. The old method of utilizing account frameworks was moderate, however the absences of blunders were thin in light of the fact that they altogether comprehend the inward operations of how their frameworks functioned. Both human and electronic information controls how mistakes are a factor in new bookkeeping frameworks contrasted with more established frameworks where every archive was manually written and checked by people as it were. Part 1 gave a great deal of understanding with respect to accounts frameworks and the key capacities they played in the â€Å"checks and balances† procedure of accounting. From addressing people in the bookkeeping vocation field, to burdening specialists and in the middle of, these all given great references to me. When managing business exchanges a wide range of elements are utilized. The beneath model is from (Horngren, Harrison, Oliver, 2012) |Cash |Accounts receivable |Office supplies |Land |Liabilities |Owner’s value |Type of Owner’s Equity exchanges | |Balance |21,900 |2000 |500 | |200 |35,200 | |(11) |-2,000 |-2,000 |Owner withdrawal | |Balance |19,9000 |2000 |500 | |200 |33,200 | Such as exchanges 1: beginning the business, this is significant as it shows proprietor speculation which can increment or decline resources. Exchange 2: acquisition of land or tenant contracts, which additionally includes resources, value and liabilities to the announcement. Exchange 3: acquisition of office supplies, which is significant for the prosperity of the business, this builds the liabilities, creditor liabilities exchanges. Exchange 4: procuring of administration income, this increases the value of owner’s value, and capital. Exchange 5: acquiring of administration income on account which this enhances the owner’s value. Exchange 6: installment of costs, this can be exchanges, for example, worker pay rates, utilities and lease, which deducts from the owner’s value. Exchange 7: installment of records which is installments or rental installments, this likewise takes away assets from money and liabilities. Exchange 8 depends on close to home exchanges. Exchanges 9: assortment on accounts which is marked as records receivable which paid from customers for work performed. Exchanges 10: is the offer of land, which deducted from the land class. At last, exchange 11: withdrawal of money, this is the point at which the proprietor pulls back money from the record for individual utilize as it were. Part III: Conclusion In the course of the most recent 5 weeks, I have adapted so much important data that will assist me with improving my work aptitudes when I enter a vocation and my own utilization. Over the up and coming years, innovation will change and improve significantly more than it needs to permit us to get to bookkeeping frameworks faster and simpler. Since this class I have figured out how to plan archives and fiscal summaries. This course has additionally improved my present circumstance, since working in retail it is difficult to comprehend the internal functions of organizations, yet having this significant data improves the manner in which I can carry out my responsibility. Through experimentation current record frameworks improved our essential and propelled bookkeeping needs and verifiable information gives proof that cutting edge innovation and frameworks have and keep on making bookkeeping forms more cost proficient. Part IV: References Gambling, T. (1975). Present day Accounting. Charlotte, NC: MacMillan. Gordon, D. W. (1937). Current Accounting Systems. Osmania Univ: John Wiley And Sons Inc. Horngren, C. , Harrisons, W. T. Oliver, M. S. (2007). Bookkeeping (ninth Ed). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Romney, M. B. (2011). Bookkeeping Information Systems (twelfth Ed). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall. The most effective method to refer to Modern Accounting Systems, Essay models

Industry vs. Inferiority in Psychosocial Development

Industry vs. Inferiority in Psychosocial Development Theories Psychosocial Psychology Print Industry vs. Inferiority in Psychosocial Development Stage Four of Psychosocial Development By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 21, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 08, 2019 Psychosocial Development Overview Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair Industry versus inferiority is the fourth stage of Erik Eriksons theory of psychosocial development, which happens after the third stage of initiative versus guilt. The stage occurs during childhood between the ages of approximately six and eleven.?? Overview Psychosocial Conflict:  Industry vs. InferiorityMajor Question:  How can I be good?Basic Virtue:  CompetenceImportant Event(s):  School Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee Industry vs. Inferiority According to Erikson’s theory, people progress through a series of stages as they develop and grow. Unlike many other developmental theories, Erikson’s addresses changes that occur across the entire lifespan, from birth to death. Psychosocial theory does not focus on the obvious physical changes that occur as children grow up, but rather on the socioemotional factors that influence an individuals psychological growth.?? At each point in development, people cope with a psychosocial crisis. In order to resolve this crisis, children and adults are faced with mastering the developmental task primarily to that stage. If this skill is successfully achieved, it leads to an ability that contributes to lifelong well-being. For example, achieving  trust is the primary task of the very first stage of development.?? It is an ability that contributes to emotional health throughout life during both childhood and adulthood. Failing to master these critical tasks, however, can result in social and emotional struggles that last a lifetime. So what exactly happens during the industry versus inferiority stage? What factors contribute to overall success at this point in development?  What are some of the major events that contribute to psychosocial growth? The Social World Expands School and social interaction play an important role during this time of a child’s life.?? A childs social world expands considerably as they enter school and gain new friendships with peers. Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities. During the earlier stages, a child’s interactions centered primarily on caregivers, family members, and others in their immediate household. As the school years begin, the realm of social influence increases dramatically. Friends and classmates play a role in how children progress through the industry versus inferiority stage. Through proficiency at play and schoolwork, children are able to develop a sense of competence and pride in their abilities. By feeling competent and capable, children are able to also form a strong self-concept. During social interactions with peers, some children may discover that their abilities are better than those of their friends or that their talents are highly prized by others.?? This can lead to feelings of confidence. In other cases, kids may discover that they are not quite as capable as the other kids, which can result in feelings of inadequacy. Schoolwork Helps Build Competency and Confidence At earlier stages of development, children were largely able to engage in activities for fun and to receive praise and attention. Once school begins, actual performance and skill are evaluated. Grades and feedback from educators encourage kids to pay more attention to the actual quality of their work. During the industry versus inferiority stage, children become capable of performing increasingly complex tasks. As a result, they strive to master new skills. Children who are encouraged and commended by parents and teachers develop a feeling of competence and belief in their abilities. Those who receive little or no encouragement from parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their ability to be successful. Children who struggle to develop this sense of competence may emerge from this stage with feelings of failure and inferiority. This can set the stage for later problems in development. People who dont feel competent in their ability to succeed may be less likely to try new things and more likely to assume that their efforts will not measure up under scrutiny. The Events of This Stage Can Help Build or Undermine Self-Confidence According to Erikson, this stage is vital in developing  self-confidence.?? During school and other social activities, children receive praise and attention for performing various tasks such as reading, writing, drawing, and solving problems. Kids who do well in school are more likely to develop a sense of competence and confidence. They feel good about themselves and their ability to succeed. Children who struggle with schoolwork may have a harder time developing these feelings of sureness. Instead, they may be left with feelings of inadequacy and inferiority. How Can Parents and Teachers Foster Success During the Industry vs. Inferiority Stage? At this stage, it is important for both parents and teachers to offer support and encouragement. However, adults should be careful not to equate achievement with acceptance and love. Unconditional love and support from adults can help all children through this stage, but particularly those who may struggle with feelings of inferiority. Children who are overpraised, on the other hand, might develop a sense of arrogance. Clearly, balance plays a major role at this point in development. Parents can help kids develop a sense of realistic competence by avoiding excessive praise and rewards, encouraging efforts rather than outcome,  and helping kids develop a growth mindset. Even if children struggle in some areas of school, encouraging kids in areas in which they excel can help foster feelings of competence and achievement.?? Example Perhaps the best way to visualize how the industry vs inferiority stage might impact a child is to look at an example. Imagine two children in the same 4th-grade class. Olivia finds science lessons difficult, but her parents are willing to help her each night with her homework. She also asks the teacher for help and starts to receive encouragement and praise for her efforts. Jack also struggles with science, but his parents are uninterested in assisting him with his nightly homework. He feels bad about the poor grades he receives on his science assignments but is not sure what to do about the situation. His teacher is critical of his work but does not offer any extra assistance or advice. Eventually, Jack just gives up, and his grades become even worse. While both children struggled with this aspect of school, Olivia received the support and encouragement she needed to overcome these difficulties and still build a sense of mastery. Jack, however, lacked  the social and emotional encouragement he needed. In this area, Olivia will likely develop a sense of industry where Jack will be left with feelings of inferiority. Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion

Why Do Athletes Get Paid - 715 Words

Ever dreamed of being rich and famous? A google result will tell you something quite obvious, athletes make boatloads of cash.They are doing what they love and are earning lots of money at the same time.Sure they make a lot money , but is it true? Not entirely. In fact, some athletes are paid less than what a regular job would pay you. A beginner professional soccer player makes only $35,000 a year, while established players make less than $50,000 a year.This statistic is for the MLS(Major League Soccer) in america, where as european soccer clubs pay much higher because of the club you are at and endorsements with companies like addidas, Nike, etc. Let’s take into account some other sports, and look at players specifically.In the MLB(Major†¦show more content†¦It is the same as in a business, if you perform well or are doing better than whats expected, then you get a raise. If you do not meet the expectations, you might get fired,or released from your team. We can also take an account that athletes are getting paid a lot of money because the professional sports industry is a huge business with millions of fans going to games each year. As it was said earlier, players get most of their money from endorsements and from the fans buying merchandise and buying tickets to see games. Professional athletes only make about 1% of an organizations total earnings. This means that the income the athletes are getting from organization’s is barely anything.People also argue that playing a sport isnt a real job so they shouldnt get paid.The only problem with that argument is how many people go to games or have something memorable,like a hat,from their favorite team.So, their argument means nothing as they are the ones feeding cash to the players, buy buying tickets, buying food at the games, buying merchandise, etc. The people who complain do notShow MoreRelatedWhy College Athletes Should Get Paid1309 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 115 Why College Athletes Should Get Paid And Why They Shouldn’t November 18, 2014 Ebeling 2 Intro: How much harder would athletes work if they were paid for their performance on the field, track, or court? College athletes are put to the test each and everyday, they risk their health to entertain millions day in and day out. College athletes deserve part of the money due to the revenue they bring in for their schools and for the NCAA, they deserve the money because they do not have timeRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?873 Words   |  4 PagesAmateurism vs. Professionalism Many individuals are for college athletes being paid, but there is plenty of information leading as to why college athletes should not get paid. College football is not about the players, but about the game. Many will say it is redundant that education is the prize, but is it really? Can universities pay college athletes and still be sure that they are not messing with the intellectual purpose of the athletes? This debate is one that has been going on for as long as anyoneRead MoreShould College Athletes Get Paid?1742 Words   |  7 PagesShould College Athletes Get Paid? Should college athletes be paid? This has been a controversial topic ever since college sports started. Many people argue that they should. 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Bush was talked ab out bad when the violations were revealed and had to return his HeismanRead MorePayment Of College Athletes Should Be Paid1625 Words   |  7 Pages Payment of College Athletes Yes! The team you were going for has won their game and those pricey tickets you bought were worth it. A ticket for a win was your reward, but what was their reward? From the NCAA thinking these athletes should not be getting paid for something that’s considered fun, to the different aspect when you see them playing on the court. Somewhere between these lines the controversy of whether or not a college athlete should get paid comes about. On average, an AmericanRead MoreShould College Athletes Get Paid?1196 Words   |  5 Pageshuge debate on whether or not college athletes should be paid. For years now college athletes have gone out and performed on national television, working hard to make it to the next level. They have given it there all, and not only that, the athletes bring in about $11 billion in annual revenue from college sports. Now days, sports is a business, and college sports are the same. Division 1 college sports provide a lot of income for the universities. Many athletes receive scholarships and a little moreRead MoreShould Students Get Paid?. To Foundationally Break The1524 Words   |  7 PagesShould Students Get Paid? To foundationally break the question on whether student athletes should get paid or not, we need to ask ourselves if students should get paid in the first place. Students are the reason why many young adults go to college. Students are people attending a lesson willingly to learn a lesson. College and Universities are a place for students to learn and excel with the enormous resources that are available for students to utilize. Several of our brightest citizens of the world

Entering International Markets Essays - 2595 Words

Entering International Markets Measuring a potential business venture has many aspects which the international manager must be aware of in order to convey the correct information back to the decision makers. Being ignorant to any of the aspects can lead to a false representation of the project, and hence an uninformed decision being passed. In order for a business to survive it must grow. For growth to be optimal, management must first be able to identify the most attractive prospective leads. The country as a whole, specifically geography, government, and financial aspects must be looked at in order to yield the best possible picture of the market a company wishes to enter. Concentration should be placed on gathering reliable facts†¦show more content†¦After sifting through the leads and finding the right ones to investigate management must formulate an international marketing plan. This further helps management in locating potential markets for their products. The first st ep is to use secondary research to find out what the sales potential is in a given market. Asking the questions of need, demand, and support gives one a starting point for research. If we were a company that sold pants we might want to ask the following questions. Is there a need for pants? Is it cold enough there to wear pants? Do people that demand the pants have money? These are the questions that one should ask of potential markets. Table 1-located at the end of the paper-shows the statistics that are needed for a general market picture. After gathering the information from the secondary research, the picture of a potential market becomes more evident. However, to make the picture clearer, one must conduct primary research. This research outlines the specifics of the potential market that directly pertain to the product. Robert Douglas book, Penetrating the International Market, addresses the issue of locating potential markets in greater detail.2 [mg1] After finding a lead that contains profitable markets it is necessary to analyze the venture as a whole. The decisions of companies must be based on the facts of reliable sources on all investments. To gather the informationShow MoreRelated Importance of Strategic Planning when Entering International Markets2260 Words   |  10 PagesImportance of Strategic Planning when Entering International Markets When a company decides to take their business international, there are many different factors that they need to take into account. There are differences in management styles, international laws and treaties that regulate international business, trade barriers, tariffs, taxes, exchange rates as well as cultural customs that come into play. 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To be successful in an international market, the company mustRead MoreThe American Biscuit Company1614 Words   |  7 PagesOreos International Overview In 1898, through the merger of the midwestern American Biscuit Company, eastern New York Biscuit Company, and the United States Baking Company, Nabisco was established. In 1941 the company finally adopted the name Nabisco which was already a popular nickname for the company, before then it was called N.B.C. The chairman of the N.B.C. was Adolphus Green, who emphasized standardized products, all bakeries had the exact same recipes and standards of production. ThroughRead MoreStrategic Alliance : Strategic Alliances1241 Words   |  5 Pagespotential benefits that international business may realize from strategic alliances simplicity of market entry: Advances in telecommunications, computer technology and transportation have made entry into foreign markets by international firms easier. 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Global Inequality Caused by Consumption Free Essays

Core issue: consumption causes global inequality. Global inequality is the inequality in distribution of income and wealth between rich and poor countries. A concentration of wealth is in the hands of very small number of people. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Inequality Caused by Consumption or any similar topic only for you Order Now A study by the World Institute for Development Economics Research at United Nations University reports that the richest 1% of adults alone owned 40% of global assets in the year 2000, and that the richest 10% of adults accounted for 85% of the world total. The bottom half of the world adult population owned barely 1% of global wealth. According to the wealth concentration theory, those who already hold wealth have the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth, thus are the beneficiaries of the new wealth. Over time, wealth condensation can significantly contribute to the persistence of inequality within society. This correlation between being rich and earning more is also contributed by plutocracy: the ability of the rich to influence government disproportionately to their favor thereby increasing their wealth. This unjust global trade regime as a primary cause in increasing global inequality ————– Wealth and poverty make life different in a host of ways. health, education, literacy, child labour, employment, gender, political participation, higher level in countries with higher income Compare their economic productivity–gt;classify countries. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) amp; Gross National Income (GNI) The World Bank uses GNI per person to classify countries. Low income (P559) For example, workforces in China, much of which is well trained and educated and now receive extremely low wages-sometimes less than one-twentieth of hat workers earn in comparable jobs in the developed countries. These institutionalised inequalities result in greater marginalisation within society. The report emphasises the inevitable social disintegration, violence and national and international terrorism that this inequality fosters. Ironically, the diversion of social development funds to national/international security and military operations produces further deprivation and marginalization, thus creating a vicious cycle. How to cite Global Inequality Caused by Consumption, Papers

Social Determinants of Health-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Impacts of the Social Determinants of Health on Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults. Answer: The Impacts of the Social Determinants of Health on Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults Nearly six percent of Canadians were living with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 2015; a disease which has a mortality rate of 194.7 deaths per 100,000 (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2017b). Older adults are one of many vulnerable populations in Canada and there are a variety of factors that make them more vulnerable. This paper will explore how social determinants of health (SDOH), specifically socioeconomic status, affects Canadian and international multicultural older adult populations with (CVD), include a SDOH model, followed by public health implications that arise as a result of this issue. We will examine why these socioeconomic status may affect this vulnerable population and explore information about CVD. For the purposes of this research, older adults are defined as individuals between the ages of 55 and 79. According to Raphael (2016), there are many factors that make senior populations more vulnerable or susceptible to higher mortality rates; those including, but are not limited to SDOH such as personal health practices/coping, education, socioeconomic status (SES), gender, and social support systems. When examining the rates of CVD in older adults a comparison will be made between those of low and high SES. SES will be measured using household income and level of education. The writers of this paper believe that older adults that have a lower level of education will have a higher rate of CVD disease due to diminished access or knowledge to support and foundations to live or obtain a better quality of lifestyle. The writers also believe that along with a lower level of education would contribute to a lower level of income, thus putting older adults in a position to not obtain a hea lthier lifestyle and higher quality of living. Cardiovascular diseases affect the heart and blood vessels and includes coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (World Health Organization, 2017). CVD is a rampant problem for developing nations and is the number one cause of death worldwide (World Health Organization, 2017). According to the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS) incident rates of heart attacks in the Canadian population for age groups, 50 - 64 and 65-79 are 2.38% and 5.55%, respectively (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2017c). This is much higher than age groups 35 - 49, who were 0.61% of the population that experience heart attacks (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2017c). In the United States, 69.1% of men and 67.9% of women aged 60 - 79 suffer from some form of CVD (American Heart Association, 2016). Diseases of the heart are the lead cause of death for American women over 65 years old (American Heart Association, 2016). CVD is commonly diagnosed by a physician in regular or emergency room visits. Data is then collected through a variety of sampling methods. Specifically, the CCDSS collects data based on health insurance registry databases that are linked to physician billing and hospital databases (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2017a). Through this collection technique, errors from self-reporting are avoided. Another common information data base is the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). A survey is provided to a cross-section of the country who then are responsible for self-reporting (Statistics Canada, 2016). When self-reporting is used for collecting information there is always a chance that respondents will be intentionally dishonest or misunderstand a question and provide the wrong answer. SES and education are SDOH that are the strongest predictors to affect CVD (Joffres et al., 2013; Winkleby et al., 1992). SES reflects spending ability, housing, diet, and medical care based on income, whereas education reflects skills for social, psychological, and economic resources (Winkleby et al., 1992). A healthy diet is essential for the prevention of CVD yet income can be a stumbling block as much of heart disease medication costs are not covered under Medicare (Gucciardi et al., 2009). Those with low income tend to lack insurance coverage that covers expensive medications such as those for CVD, which are among the most expensive within Canada (Booth et al., 2012; Campbell et al., 2012). Booth et al. (2012) found an increase in diabetes related mortality rates between those of high and low SES especially in those over the age of 65. Woodward et al. (2015) revealed that CVD is associated with lower SES. A community-based study from Turkey revealed that unhealthy diet was associated with lower SES (OR = 3.31) and lower education (OR=4.48) (Simsek et al., 2013). A lack of education can have profound effects in those with CVD. In developing countries, there is often a gap in hypertension treatment for seniors due to lack of knowledge of what hypertension is and preventative signs (Maurer Ramos, 2015). Maurer Ramos (2015) reveal that low-cost treatment options for hypertension exist and could increase awareness in seniors. Seniors of higher SES are associated with higher physical activity, greater nutritional habits and lower risk of smoking compared to those of lower SES (Campbell et al., 2012). This means that those of low SES are associated with increased use of healthcare services that have little impact on poorer health outcomes and mortality (Campbell et al., 2012). It's important to assess how determinants are measured. The studies referenced in this paper directly evaluated income, education and CVD data utilizing census reports, self-reporting data and medical records. SES was measured using household income and level of education, any additional information on education, income, and occupation was ascertained through questionnaires. For example, one study measured income using the "median household income level of an individuals neighborhood of residence on 1, April, 2002 from the 2001 Canadian Census. Neighborhoods were defined using small geographic units (dissemination areas) from Statistics Canada" (Booth et al., 2012). Woodward et al. (2015) measured education by using self-reported data, falling into one of three groups. Group one had no completed education or completed only primary school. Group two composed of people who completed secondary school; and lastly group three completed tertiary education (university or college). Booth et al. (2012) recorded "baseline CVD, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke, based on relevant diagnostic codes from hospital discharge records. Co-morbidity was captured using diagnostic codes listed in hospital records and physicians service claims from the year prior to baseline to create distinct case-mix categories based on the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups case-mix system." If blood pressure and cholesterol levels were used to determine CVD risk, they were obtained using standard protocols as in Woodward et al. (2015) and Winkleby et al., (1992). Specific Canadian Data The CCHS is a cross-sectional study in Canada that measures rates of different health outcomes in the country. The most recent complete survey data is from 2014. Based on the survey design, the most efficient way to access the rates of CVD was by studying those who self-reported having heart disease. Data was collected for those with heart disease and was then compared to level of education and to person income. Only the data for those aged 55 to 79 was analyzed. When studying the rates of heart disease in both older adult males and females it was noted that the highest rates were in those that had completed post-secondary education followed secondly by those who had not completed secondary education (Statistics Canada, 2016). It is likely that there are confounding factors that create the high rates of heart disease in those with the highest education level. In males, 26.7% of heart disease occurs in those with less than secondary education, 18.2% in those who had completed secondary education, and only 2.7% of those who had completed some post-secondary education (Statistics Canada, 2016). Similarly for females, 31.8% of heart disease occurs in those with less than secondary education, 22.2% in those who had completed secondary education, and only 3.0% of those who had completed some post-secondary education (Statistics Canada, 2016). This data shows that to a certain extent, an increase in education is correlated with a decrease in heart d isease. When comparing rates of heart disease to income levels it is found that those with income rates less than $20,000 to $39,999 had significantly greater rates of heart disease (Statistics Canada, 2016). For males, 23.2% of all heart disease occurs in those with less than $20,000 income and 33.6% occurs among those with $20,000 to $39,000 income (Statistics Canada, 2016). In females, 46% of all heart disease occurs in those with less than $20,000 income and 35.4% occurs among those with $20,000 to $39,000 income (Statistics Canada, 2016). In both male and female populations the rates continue to drop as income rises with rates in the final category, income greater than $80,000, at 12.3% for males and 2.8% for females (Statistics Canada, 2016). A very clear correlation can be noted between that of low income and heart disease. The Social Determinants of Health Model The social determinants of health (SDOH) model (WHO, 2010) is the conceptual model (refer to Appendix A) used to show how political, social and economic mechanisms strongly influence an individual's socioeconomic position. In addition, there are three major factors which influence an individuals health, which are: material, psychosocial and biological and behavioral factors (WHO, 2010). Material factors are things like housing, community environment, and place of employment (WHO. 2010). Psychosocial factors are ones family, friends and social networks (WHO, 2010). Lastly, biological and behavioral factors are things like lifestyle choices, genetics, nutrition, and personal health habits (WHO, 2010). All of these factors affect an older adults ability to access health care and as a result influence their risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The SDOH model (WHO, 2010) specifically addresses the two determinants of health: income and education which are related to an increase in CVD in older adults. Both income and education fall under the category material factors because they are specifically related to financial gain and the attainment of skill/s (WHO, 2010). Income is a major determinant of health because it most directly measures material resources and also has a cumulative effect over an individuals life course as its the one socioeconomic indicator that can change the most quickly, as income varies often (Havranek et al., 2015). Studies have shown that after controlling other sociodemographic factors, there was a 40-50% decrease in mortality from CVD with increasing family income (Havranek et al., 2015). The SDOH model discusses how several factors result in low income increasing ones risk of CVD and other illnesses, for example: income inequality causes stress for those who make less money, resulting in poorer hea lth; income inequality results in fewer economic resources for poorer individuals resulting in less treatment options; income inequality results in less money to invest in better social and economic conditions leading to living in poorer neighborhoods and attending schools that are of lesser quality resulting in poorer health outcomes (WHO, 2010). Education is the second determinant of health that is linked with an increased risk of CVD in older adults and the SDOH model addresses this as well (WHO, 2010). In Canada, studies have shown a strong correlation between CVD and ones level of education, CVD morbidity and mortality rates have an increased risk when an individual has a lower level of education (Kreatsoulas, 2010). Education is a life course determinant as it begins in early childhood (influenced by ones parents) and develops along the lifespan (WHO, 2010). The knowledge and skills attained through education makes it easier to understand health messages and make informed choices regarding health and well-being throughout ones lifespan (Kreatsoulas, 2010). Overall, the SDOH model (Hosseini et al., 2017)) is able to show how the material factors of both income and education are present as social determinants of health. When income and education levels are reduced the risk of developing CVD is increased; on the contrary, when income and education levels are higher, an older adult has a lifetime decreased risk of developing CVD (Havranek et al., 2015). Public Health Implications Public Health interventions that target material factors (socioeconomic status and education) from the Social Determinant of Health Model will help to decrease CVD in older adults. Interventions that address socioeconomic status (SES) will uncover greater reasoning for gaps in policies which will help to address physical activity, nutritional habits and smoking habits (Campbell et al., 2012; Booth et al., 2012). Booth et al. (2012) suggests that interventions that address SES will uncover that older adults with lower income are unable to pay for expensive medications, especially due to lack of an insurance plans, thus policies need to address this. Canadians with lower SES tend to use more healthcare services that have little impact on CVD due to lack of income to obtain healthier lifestyle changes (Campbell et al., 2012). Research suggests that there are gaps in awareness of pre-CVD symptoms and treatment (Joffres, 2013), especially within third world countries and low- middle income households (Maurer Ramos, 2015). Low-cost treatments exist for CVD management, but many older adults are unaware of them (Maurer Ramos, 2015). Many older adults are also unaware that they are manifesting symptoms for CVD and interventions need to increase educational efforts especially within small rural communities (Maurer Ramos, 2015). Interventions that address the lack of education to include incentives for healthcare professionals to screen older adults for hypertension yearly will not only increase awareness but will also help to change unhealthy behaviour (Maurer Ramos, 2015; Campbell, 2012; Bloetzer et al., 2015). Research indicates that plans for interventions have been made to increase CVD awareness in numerous countries, but there seems to lack implementation and evaluation of programs (Maurer Ramos, 2015; Joffres et al., 2013). England is leading in public health interventions by using government organizations to promote and educate the public on the risk of salt and implementing a bonus payment initiative to general practitioners to achieve targets for hypertension care (Joffres et al., 2013). The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) suggests that education efforts need to extend to hard to reach populations such as Indigenous communities and healthcare professionals need to be conscience of individuals who may not seem to be at risk (Campbell et al., 2012). The PHAC aso suggests that policies need to be transparent and take an upstream approach through cabinet level committees to include incentives for collaboration (Campbell et al., 2012). Finland has implemented a sodium reduction strategy in 2010 that was very effective in treating and controlling hypertension, reducing medical costs and preventing CVD disease earlier in patients (Campbell et al., 2012). Policies that create supportive environments make healthy choices easier by include reducing sodium in processed foods like Finland, restricting processed trans fats, allowing low income households to afford healthy food and creating pricing policies to restrict energy-dense foods (Campbell et al., 2012). Healthy interventions need to reflect community needs (Campbell et al., 2012). Canada has implemented healthy food procurement policies in public schools to remove soft drinks and junk food, but this could be taken a step further to implement this policy in health care facilities, workplaces, correctional institutions and military bases (Campbell et al., 2012). The United Kingdom has implemented a total ban on junk food ads during childrens programs and adult progra ms at peak watching times, which could also be implemented in Canada to help prevent CVD earlier than in senior age (Campbell et al., 2012). Alternative programs not already discussed include community-linkage systems and environmental approaches to prevent CVD. (Greenlund et al., 2012) Greenlund et al., 2012, describe successful community programs such as the, Sickness Prevention Achieved Through Regional Collaboration (SPARC) which coordinate with community partners to deliver screening and preventative healthcare such as a set of recommended immunization, cancer, and CVD screening services to older adults in places where they can be easily accessed. Environmental approaches include promoting healthy choices, availability, accessibility to information, and resources for the entire population, not just high risk groups. For example the Center for Disease Control (CDC) is working with restaurants and food manufactures to reduce the amount of sodium in processed and restaurant foods. (Greenlund et al., 2012). Historically these initiatives have been successful. In the past, government agencies and the food industry have worked together to address nutritional problems by fortifying foods with minerals and vitamins (e.g., vitamin D fortification of milk to prevent rickets, niacin fortification of flour to prevent pellagra, and folic acid fortification of flour to prevent neural tube defects). (Greenlund et al., 2012). Unfortunately these type of changes take time, lifestyle changes, and significant resources and may require government subsidies to bring about change. The 2010 Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act costing approximately $10 billion annually (Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, n.d) is an example of a government initiative to reduce childhood obesity, a preventative strategy against obesity, CVD, diabetes and various health related problems. The act has both pros and cons and has been all but eliminated by the Trump administration. Successes of the program include, increased nutritional value, iron, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, and protein nutrition and decreased caloric intake, which benefited children with obesity (Cornish et al., 2016). However the program also had its critics. Students complained about poor portion sizes, bland food and a study published by the Harvard School of Public Health discovered that about 60 percent of vegetables and roughly 40 percent of fresh fruit are thr own away due to no interest. (Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, n.d) Public health interventions are clearly beneficial for the reduced risk of CVD. It is imperative that investments are made towards health education with a focus towards individuals from lower income and socioeconomic households. Conclusion Income and social determinants have generally determined the CVD prevalence in Canada. It has been shown the CVDs prevalence in high -income economies. Also, Canadians with lower SES tend to use more healthcare services that have little impact on CVD due to lack of income to obtain healthier lifestyle change. In Canada, it is expected that CVD will still be the leading cause of death even by 2030. The CVD is a major issue in Canada since it accounts for higher number of deaths than any other illness in the country. Because of the higher magnitude of CVD in Canada, the studies are being directed towards the social determinants of health (SDH). These are the risk factors causes of causes). Thus Canada wants to control the impacts of social environment on people sharing a community as mechanism to reduce CVD prevalence. The implications of this study is that Public Health interventions that target material factors (socioeconomic status and education) from the Social Determinant of Healt h Model will help decrease CVD in older adults. The future study should focus on interventions that address socioeconomic status (SES) to uncover greater reasoning for gaps in policies. This will help address physical activity, nutritional habits and smoking habits. References American Heart Association. (2016). Statistical Fact Sheet 2016 Update: Older Americans Cardiovascular Diseases. Retrieved from https://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@sop/@smd/documents/downloadable/ucm_483970.pdf Havranek, E. P., Mujahid, M. S., Barr, D. A., Blair, I. V., Cohen, M. S., Cruz-Flores, S., ..Yancy, C. W. (2015). Social Determinants of Risk and Outcomes for Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation, 132(9), 873-898. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000228 Hosseini, S., Arab, M., Emamgholipour, S., Rashidian, A., Monterzari A., Zaboli, R. (2017). Conceptual Models of Social Determinants of Health: A Narrative Review. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 46(4), 435446. Kreatsoulas, C., Anand, S. S. (2010). The impact of social determinants on cardiovascular disease. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 26(Suppl C), 8C13C. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2017a). Canadian chronic disease surveillance system methods report abridged version for v2015 and v2016 (Dementia, Including Alzheimers Disease). Retrieved from https://infobase.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ccdss-scsmc/data-tool/Methods Public Health Agency of Canada. (2017b). The 2017 Canadian chronic disease indicators. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada Research, Policy and Practice, 37(8), 248-251. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac-aspc/documents/services/publications/health-promotion-chronic-disease-prevention-canada-research-policy-practice/vol-37-no-8-2017/ar-03-eng.pdf Public Health Agency of Canada. (2017c). Public health infobase: Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS). Retrieved from https://infobase.phac-aspc.gc.ca/CCDSS-SCSMC/data-tool/?l=engHRs=00DDLV=CDSAMIDDLM=ASIR1=M2=FDDLFrm=1999DDLTo=2012=10VIEW=2 Raphael, D. (2016). Social determinants of health: Canadian perspectives. Toronto: Canadian Scholars Press Inc. Statistics Canada. (2016). Canadian Community Health Survey Annual Component (CCHS). Retrieved from https://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurveySDDS=3226 World Health Organization (WHO) 2010. A conceptual model framework for action on the Social determinants of health. Retrieved from:https://www.who.int/social_determinants/corner/SDHDP2.pdf page 9 World Health Organization. (2017). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/ Table 1, 2 Statistics Canada. (2016). Canadian Community Health Survey, 2014: Annual component [public-use microdata file]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. Health Statistics Division, Data Liberation Initiative [producer and distributor]. Retrieved From https://odesi1.scholarsportal.info.ezproxy.lakeheadu.ca/webview/index.jsp?object=http%3A%2F%2F142.150.190.11%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2Fcchs-82M0013-E-2014-Annual-componentheaders=http%3A%2F%2F142.150.190.11%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2Fcchs-82M0013-E-2014-Annual-component_V100 Table 3, 4 Statistics Canada. (2016). Canadian Community Health Survey, 2014: Annual component [public-use microdata file]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. Health Statistics Division, Data Liberation Initiative [producer and distributor]. Retrieved From https://odesi1.scholarsportal.info.ezproxy.lakeheadu.ca/webview/index.jsp?object=http%3A%2F%2F142.150.190.11%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2Fcchs-82M0013-E-2014-Annual-componentheaders=http%3A%2F%2F142.150.190.11%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2Fcchs-82M0013-E-2014-Annual-component_V100